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March 18: Dow 12,392 (up 420 points); trading range, 435 points

Just one day after the collapse of Bear Stearns, the market rallied on a 75-basis-point Fed rate cut and better-than-expected earnings reports from Goldman Sachs (NYSE: GS) and Lehman Brothers (OTC: LEHMQ).

Looks like someone wasn't paying attention.

The clear focus was on the much-anticipated Fed cut that dropped the fed funds and discount rate to 2.25% and 2.5%, respectively.

There was a slight pause during the session, as some hoped for a 100-basis-point cut, but traders pushed onward to finish strong and add another 100 points to the Dow before the close.

All sectors rallied into positive territory for the session and the S&P 500 posted its biggest one-day percentage move since October 2002.

Greg Tucker is the executive editor of OptionsZone.com.

As we ring in the new year, it feels nice to put 2008 behind us.

In what all traders would agree was the craziest market they'd ever seen, we were taken on a roller-coaster ride fueled by the subprime mortgage fiasco, a recession, bailouts, a credit crisis, scandal and a historic election.

Here are 10 of the wildest days and biggest point moves on the Dow during the last 12 months:

#10 Saving our Fannie (and Freddie): After years of financial shenanigans and controversy, Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae were placed into conservatorship in a federal takeover of the government sponsored enterprises. (July 14)

# 9 The day after (Bear Stearns): Just one day after the collapse of Bear Stearns, the market rallied on a 75-basis-point Fed rate cut and better-than-expected earnings reports from Goldman Sachs and Lehman Brothers. (March 18)

#8 We've got a bad feeling about this: Facing the possibility of a 500-point drop in the Dow, the Fed sprang into action early to shore up the markets. (Jan. 22)

#7 I've always wanted to be loved ... and be a banker: The federal government announced it would take preferred equity stakes worth up to $250 billion in several U.S. banks to keep money flowing through the financial system. (Oct. 14)

#6 Consumer confidence hits all-time low ... let's buy stocks!: Consumer confidence reaches the lowest levels on record since the survey began 41 years ago and the market rallies to post its second-largest gain of the year. Huh?!? (Oct. 28)

#5 It's official: U.S. economy enters recession ... in 2007: This headline from the NBER combined with other weak economic data and more troubles in financials to drag down the Dow by nearly 700 points. (Dec. 1)

Here's a scary bit of news: the Federal Reserve Bank of New York has hired (subscription required) Michael Alix as a senior vice president in the Bank Supervision Group. His qualification? He was Bear's chief risk officer from 2006 until 2008 when the firm imploded -- due to too much risk. That disaster led to a taxpayer funded emergency sale to JPMorgan Chase (NYSE: JPM).

But I guess it makes sense in a way. If you want to understand the dangers of excessive risk and leverage, who better to help than the guy who helped blow up one of America's most respected financial institutions. It's kind of like hiring Amy Winehouse to teach kids about the dangers of cocaine.

I wonder how much he'll be paid. Given how much money he's already cost the financial system and taxpayers, he should be working for free. But I somehow doubt that he is.

Economist Paul Kasriel had a good line in The Wall Street Journal: "The Fed is not only the lender of last resort, it's also the employer of last resort."

Maybe so. But at this point, Mr. Alix would probably be better suited to a job scrubbing the fry-o-lator at a fast food restaurant.

Everything is upside down these days. The folks with all the money and multi-million dollar bonuses are begging for a handout on the pretext that the economy will crash if they do not get one. We're not talking money for coffee or a snack, we're talking billions of dollars.

It is crashing anyway, or at least sinking. It is just a matter of what it takes down along the way. Apparently, the folks at the Treasury and Federal Reserve are now convinced that it will be everything.

The survivors are pawing at the defeated as Wells Fargo tries to grab Wachovia despite its previous tentative agreement with Citigroup Inc. (NYSE: C). While Citigroup gained a point in Wachovia deal over the weekend, the balance has since tilted in favor of Wells Fargo again.

Bank of America (NYSE: BAC) gobbled up Countrywide (done) and Merrill Lynch (NYSE: MER) (a work in progress), while JPMorgan Chase (NYSE: JPM) corralled Bear Stearns and Washington Mutual (NYSE: WM).

Sadly, only the federal government was big enough to swallow the problems of American International Group (NYSE: AIG), Fannie Mae (NYSE: FNM) and Freddie Mac (NYSE: FRE). Otherwise,those in the know think world financial markets would have crumbled due to the collateral damage, (pun intended).

When I posted Congress is screwing up -- think backstop not bailout!, I was concerned with the psychological effect as much as the financial effect of not approving the funding, but no doubt the people suffering the most are not those who created the pain.

The Securities and Exchange Commission, or NAMBLA for short, is focusing its resources on an investigation of whether gossiping short sellers hastened the collapses of Lehman and Bear Stearns by spreading rumors.

The SEC is looking into a variety of rumors that spread in the days and months before the companies collapsed, including suggestions that some counter-parties had stopped trading with the firms.

I'll quote DealBreaker's brilliant commentary on the collapse of Bear Stearns:

Let's just say they did spread the rumors, which I don't believe they did (and, as an aside: if a company can be brought down by the corporate equivalent of 7th grade girls passing notes in class, perhaps it doesn't deserve to be in existence anyway).

It's a shame that the SEC is tossing its very limited resources into wild goose chases that serve to intimidate the people who were smart enough to predict trouble at companies like Bear and Lehman, long before either company was giving investors the full story.

In the end, the short sellers were proven right because Lehman was insolvent, and a buyer couldn't even be found at $1. You can only blame the company's management for creating that mess.

Some of you will remember this story from last November when the door to our current world-wide financial industry meltdown was just beginning to crack open. At that time, we were facing tens of billions of dollars in losses and write-downs, but now we have witnessed hundreds of billions of dollars of the same and the government is telling us that it will take another $700 billion to shore up the industry.

Naturally, most of the people that got us into this mess are receiving golden parachutes as they abandon or are ejected from their burning empires. President Bush has been in over his head for years and turned a blind eye, (I think blind in both eyes) see: The George W. Bush economic plan? The shame does not end with Bush, though he has shown no leadership on the subject.

Sen. Christopher Dodd, chairman of the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, said of the recent Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac bailout, "Americans deserve to know if this proposal will help keep mortgages affordable, stabilize the markets and protect taxpayer interests."

Where were Bush and Dodd when the foundation for this crises was being developed See: SEC opens the gates and the world drowns.

The entire political system is jam-packed with conflicts of interest. Here are Senators Dodd's contributors by firm and industry as reported by OpenSecrets.org:

• Top 5 Contributors, 2003-2008: Citigroup Inc. $310,294, SAC Capital Partners $282,000, United Technologies $263,400, American International Group 224,678, Bear Stearns $205,600.
• Top 5 Industries, 2003-2008: Securities & Investment $,245,796; Lawyer/Law Firms 1,976, 063; Insurance $1,416,972; Real Estate $1,262,791; Commercial Banks $850, 544.

Late Sunday night it was reported by the Associated Press that the Federal Reserve announced it had approved the request of the two investment banks, Goldman Sachs Group (NYSE: GS) and Morgan Stanley (NYSE: MS), to become commercial banks and to take deposits, bolstering the resources of both institutions.

Since Bear Stearns was acquired in a fire sale by J P.Morgan Chase (NYSE: JPM) in March both firms have been under increased pressure to show their financial strength, but the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers Holdings (NYSE: LEH) and the buyout of Merrill Lynch (NYSE: MER) by Bank of America (NYSE: BAC) last weekend have changed the playing field too much.

So what does this mean in short? It means the investment banks wanted the comfort and security of mama bear. They wanted the protection of the Federal Reserve, along with the ability to borrow from it at the discount window, and in a worst case scenario, to be bailed out like everyone else.

The Fed, from its perspective, knows this to be true and understands that if the investment banks -- now commercial banks -- can increase their reserves, then maybe a bailout will not be required, which is better for everyone. Along with this change will come additional requirements and regulation.

Sheldon Liber is the CEO of a small private investment company and the principal for design and research at an architecture & planning firm. He writes the columns Chasing Value and Serious Money. DISCLOSURE: I owned BSC and now own shares in its acquirer JPM.

I've put together a good-sized Enron memorabilia collection, inspired by the affordability. I was able to buy an Enron lunch bag on eBay for less than the cost of a similar nonbranded product at Wal-Mart.

The collapses of Lehman Bros. and Bear Stearns aren't anywhere near as interesting but the headlines have attracted a swarm of eBay listings. According to The New York Times, "When a big Wall Street firm goes belly up, one bet you can take to the bank is that memorabilia will be offered for auction on eBay within hours. "

If you're looking to support a charity instead of an opportunist -- or burned employee who, having lost his 401(k) grabbed a stack of mugs on his way out the door -- one seller sold a piece of toast with the initials "BS" and "LB" branded on each side. Proceeds benefit the Children's Diabetes Foundation in Denver. The price? A mere $15.50. A piece of toast that offers the ticker symbols of companies about to collapse would likely be worth far more.

As an investment, I don't think Lehman and Bear memorabilia are compelling: collectibles from the Enron and Worldcom blowups do not appear to have appreciated in value.

In one of my recent rants I blamed the Bush administration for some of what ails us (The George W. Bush economic plan?) and now an Ex-SEC Official Blames Agency for Blow-up of Broker-Dealers, as reported by Julie Satow, staff reporter of the New York Sun, September 18, 2008.

In my post I simply tried to make the point that government policy and leadership does affect how laws are written, rules are enforced, and the sentiments of leadership affects things even when those leaders are not holding the smoking gun. I am not giving the legislature a free pass on this either, but policy is set by the President.

During the current administration, policies that were put in place in 1975 to prevent the kinds of transgressions we are witnessing now by financial institutions were shredded by the current SEC management.

Allegations are being made by a former SEC official, Lee Pickard, who says a rule change in 2004 are what led to the failure of Lehman Brothers (NYSE: LEH, not trading) , Bear Stearns (NYSE: BSC, not trading), and Merrill Lynch (NYSE: MER).

Now we learn that rules put in place regarding capital reserves, leverage limits, and basic accounting principals were removed, eased, and modified as reported: "allowing the broker dealers to increase their debt-to-net-capital ratios, sometimes, as in the case of Merrill Lynch, to as high as 40-to-1. It also removed the method for applying haircuts, relying instead on another math-based model for calculating risk that led to a much smaller discount."

As an example, up until 2004 the net capital rule required that broker dealers limit their debt-to-net capital ratio to 12-to-1. To make matters worse the SEC is not admitting the ERROR of THEIR WAYS, but are making excuses for the failings and considering even further liberalization of the rules governing lenders and investment houses.

It is an ironic twist and one that has many conservatives in an uproar that the current administration has been so liberal with fiscal policy and fiscal restraint that Federal spending has grown out of control and the controllers have turned a blind eye to their responsibility.

Sheldon Liber is the CEO of a small private investment company and the principal for design and research at an architecture & planning firm. He writes the columns Chasing Value and Serious Money. DISCLOSURE: I owned BSC and now own shares in its acquirer JPM.

Confidence in the global economy fell in September, as concern mounted about the health of the U.S. economy and global financial system following the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers and the near bankruptcy of AIG, which prompted a U.S. Federal Reserve intervention, a new survey indicated.

The Bloomberg Professional Global Confidence Index fell to 11.3 in September from 14.1 in August among U.S. respondents. The Western European index fell to 12.6 from 12.9. Readings below 50 indicate negative sentiment.

Economist Richard Felson, who did not participate in the Bloomberg survey of 3,000 Bloomberg Terminal users, told BloggingStocks Wednesday too many financial concerns and bankruptcies are occurring over a short period for business professionals to be positive.

"Countrywide, Bear Stearns, Indymac, Freddie, Fannie, Lehman, Merrill, and now AIG. Wow, that's an awful lot for any economic system to absorb in five years, let alone one year," Felson said. "Executives and other business professionals are justifiably concerned about credit access for business operations and about declining demand due to rising unemployment. The major U.S. economic metrics are not moving in a positive direction right now and the nation needs to correct that."

I just had to share this tidbit from Barrons which some of you may have read but Barrons is expensive, so many have not. For those of you that missed it or did not see it elsewhere here is an anonymous quote summing up this years election: It pits a candidate who should have been president eight years ago against a candidate who should be president eight years from now.

Credit is due Alan Abelson (September 1, 2008) and in turn Tom Gallagher of ISI Group for sharing with him.

Ah yes, timing, is so very important. If you were buying stocks last July you probably were getting into the market too late as it hit its highs and right before optimism slammed its big grin smack into a brick wall -- the demise of housing and the subprime market, derivitives with "Triple A" ratings and all. This was rapidly followed by billions and billions of dollars of mark-to-market write downs by most major finanical institutions that left the whole finanical world in dire straights.

This included the collapse of Bear Stearns early on and the current basket cases Fannie Mae (NYSE: FNM) and Freddie Mac (NYSE: FRE) as discussed by my colleague Peter Cohan yesterday.

So if last July 2007 was a bad time to get into the market at its highs, was this past July 2008 also a bad time to get into the market at its recent lows? Perhaps we will not know until next July 2009 when either the slow starter John McCain or early riser Barrack Obama occupy the White House and the first 100 days (that timing thing again) are old news.

Sheldon Liber is the CEO of a small private investment company and the principal for design and research at an architecture & planning firm. He writes the columns Chasing Value and Serious Money.

Minyanville Founder and CEO Todd Harrison dares to share the kind of keen insight and actionable information you won't find in any prospectus. For more original thought, visit www.minyanville.com.

Holy cow, can it be any slower out there? I'm taking a break from trying to set the all-time record for meetings on a "slow" summah Friday to offer a quick take on a few topics.

Will Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. (NYSE: LEH) get married over the weekend?

• There hasn't been any price talk on Lehman so even if it happens, it's a bit of a crap shoot. Remember Minyans, Bear Stearns was taken over too.
  
  
• There is no doubt franchise value and a lot of smart people at Lehman. There's also a lot of baggage on their balance sheet. It -- like most of the financials -- is a double-edged sword.

Bloomberg News reports that Wall Street layoffs are putting blood on the streets. But those Wall Street vets have turned those layoffs into new careers -- one Harvard economics grad who formerly worked for Bear Stearns has started a business making cupcakes. That's because, as Bloomberg reports, Michael Maloney, who recruits finance professionals for Maloney Inc. in New York, said, "The job market is in the worst, most chaotic state I've ever seen it in fixed income. I've been doing this for over 30 years and I've never seen anything like this."

The statistics Bloomberg cites are stunning. 76,670 investment jobs "in the Americas" have gone up in smoke "following the global credit crunch that started a year ago." And 33,300 finance jobs in New York City, or "7.1% of the 2007 peak, will be cut by June 2009." And those who lose their jobs will be giving up big money. Wall Street workers averaged $399,360 in 2007 -- six times the $62,390 for New York City jobs outside the securities industry.

So the tough are turning to making cupcakes. Jessica Walter, who studied economics at Harvard, was vice president in credit strategy at Bear Stearns. Bloomberg quotes Walter as saying, "I want to teach kids to cook. The goal is to have this be my full-time job and make enough to live.'' To that end, she founded Cupcake Kids! in New York to provide birthday parties and cooking classes for children.

Rumors have swirled about the rapid collapse of Bear Stearns, with a lot of people -- even some normally credible commentators -- absolutely convinced that the company was a victim of a bear raid and naked short selling, and malicious rumor mongering that led to a run on the bank, sealing the bank's fate.

An interesting piece from Bloomberg discusses the suspicious options trading in the stock: on March 11th, someone bought $1.7 million worth of put options, effectively betting that shares of Bear Stearns would decline by nearly 50%. Bloomberg reports that "options specialists are convinced that the buyer, or buyers, made a concerted effort to drive the fifth-biggest U.S. securities firm out of business and, in the process, reap a profit of more than $270 million."

Interesting. But isn't it also possible that the puts were purchased by someone with insider information about the company's disastrous financial position? Must we assume that the only person who would be willing to bet big on Bear's collapse was a malicious short seller who was spreading rumors like Perez Hilton, working overtime to assure a run on the bank? It just seems a little melodramatic. It's not even James Bond -- more like Mack Bolan.

Before we feel to bad for Bear Stearns -- and record it in the history books as a victim of an outside invasion -- it's important to keep in mind what allowed rumor mongers to destroy it, if indeed they did: the company had no credibility, a result of its long insistence that everything was fine.

Bear Stearns was a company that treated its shareholders with scorn, never leveled on the company's true financial condition, and didn't even bother to disclose that its bridge-playing, allegedly marijuana-smoking CEO was seriously ill in the hospital while the credit crisis raged on.

My brother William Cohan's Fortune cover story on Bear Stearns' former CEO Jimmy Cayne has many fascinating tales. (Fortune and BloggingStocks share the same parent -- Time Warner (NYSE: TWX)). I found three to be most interesting.

• Bear was brought down by Fidelity and Federated Investors - Fortune argues that Bear depended on the market for 'overnight repos' -- loans of a one-day term collateralized by securities -- for $50 billion of its working capital. Bear used 71% of its mortgages as its collateral and according to Fortune, "Bear's reliance on overnight Rep effectively gave the overnight lenders -- such as Fidelity and Federated Investors -- a vote on the firm's viability every night. And during that fateful week in mid-March, those overnight lenders voted a collective no. The result? Bear Stearns did not have enough cash on hand to meet customers' demands during the run on the bank."
• Cayne nearly died of sepsis 11 months ago - The article begins, "In the early morning hours last Sept. 11, a black Town Car pulled up to the entrance of New York-Presbyterian Hospital in Manhattan. Inside the sedan Jimmy Cayne, the CEO of Bear Stearns, was close to death."
• Ace Greenberg planned to ask Barbara Walters to marry him the day before she wed Merv Adelson - Fortune says that Bear's Ace Greenberg told Cayne that he was was dating Walters and was planning to marry her. According to Fortune Greenberg told Cayne, 'I've decided I'm going to marry Barbara Walters.' The very next day in the papers she's engaged to Merv Adelson."

For the full story, read the article.

Peter Cohan is President of Peter S. Cohan & Associates. He also teaches management at Babson College and edits The Cohan Letter. He has no financial interest in Time Warner securities.